Successful poultry farming doesn't happen by chance. It rests on a foundation of sound management, starting from the birds' earliest days.
Errors made during the chick stage are exceptionally difficult to rectify, potentially jeopardizing your flock's long-term health and productivity.
This article delves into the fundamentals of chick management, offering guidelines to ensure optimal survival rates and robust growth for your young birds.
Prepping for the Big Day: Cleaning and Equipment
Disinfection is Paramount:
Thoroughly clean both the interior of your brooding area (whether cages or floor) and all associated equipment.
Equipment Readiness:
Make sure the equipment you'll need is in good working order and adjusted for chicks. Shortages during this critical stage are detrimental.
Freshen the Feed:
Empty any remnants of old feed and disinfect feed storage systems before introducing the new batch.
Litter and Safety:
Lay down approximately 5-10 cm of absorbent bedding (e.g., untreated wood shavings). Securely place rat/mouse poison where chicks cannot access it.
A Day Before Arrival
Set the Stage:
Preheat your brooding space to 35-36°C at chick level.
Water Works:
Check your water system, sanitize it, and adjust the height to accommodate the chicks.
Accessibility is Key:
Position your water and feed troughs so chicks can find them easily – every 2-3 meters is ideal.
Arrival Day
Hydration First:
Ensure waterers are operational and full. Gently trigger water cups or nipples to encourage the chicks to drink.
Stimulate Drinking
Make sure water is easily accessible. Nipples and cups can be tricky for new chicks, so consider temporary water troughs in smaller setups.
Feeding Time:
Wait 3-4 hours after the chicks are settled and drinking before introducing feed. Place feed on paper or directly on the floor as needed, ensuring feeders are easily accessible.
Bright Beginnings:
High-intensity lighting for the first week will aid the chicks in finding their essentials.
Brooding Management – It's All About Environment
Brooding is the intensive early period where chicks need supplemental heat. Here are the key things to focus on:
Temperature Control:
Start at 35-37°C in week one. Observe chick behavior – crowding means too cold, panting means too hot. Gradually decrease the temperature each week.
Heating Options:
Choose the system best suited to your setup – gas pancake heaters, Modro systems, charcoal burners, or electric options. Each has pros and cons.
Ventilation Matters:
Fresh air is essential to remove waste gases and regulate temperature. Avoid drafts, especially in cold weather. High ammonia levels are detrimental to health.
Beyond the Basics
Stress Relief:
Water-soluble vitamins and minerals in the first few days boost immunity and reduce stress. Avoid antibiotics unless a vet advises them.
Vigilance is Key:
Check mortality charts daily. Always get a postmortem done to ascertain the cause of mortality.
Consult the Experts:
Work with a veterinarian to plan a crucial vaccination schedule.
Age-Appropriate Care:
Prioritize younger flocks in your routine if you manage multiple groups.
By mastering chick management, you give your poultry operation the strongest possible foundation for a healthy and productive future.