1_large.jpg)
Paprika is a high-value spice crop that presents a lucrative opportunity for farmers. With the right agronomic practices, farmers can achieve impressive yields while tapping into the growing global demand for high-quality dried paprika. This guide provides essential insights into paprika production, from land preparation to harvesting, ensuring maximum productivity and profitability.
1. Land Preparation & Planting
Successful paprika farming begins with proper land preparation. The crop thrives in well-drained, sandy loam soils with a pH of 5.5 – 6.5.
- Seed Rate: 2 kg per hectare for direct seeding.
- Seedlings: Requires a 120 m² seedbed to transplant one hectare.
- Spacing: 0.3 - 0.4 m between rows; 0.1 - 0.2 m within rows.
- Plant Population: 55,000 - 65,000 plants per hectare (up to 70,000 for late planting).
- Planting Time:
- Transplanting: September – late November.
- Direct Seeding: September – early December.
2. Crop Nutrition & Fertilization
For optimal growth, paprika requires well-balanced fertilization:
- Base Dressing: Compound L (4:17:11) applied at 600 kg/ha at planting.
- Top Dressing:
- Ammonium Nitrate: 300 kg/ha applied in three splits at 5, 10, and 14 weeks.
- Muriate of Potash (MOP): 200 kg/ha in three splits at 5, 10, and 14 weeks.
- Gypsum (Calcium Sulphate): 400 kg/ha applied before flowering to enhance fruit quality.
3. Pest & Disease Management
Paprika is vulnerable to several pests and diseases, which can significantly affect yields if not managed effectively.
- Aphids & Thrips: Control with Thunder (0.3L/ha) or Malathion (1.5 - 2 kg/ha).
- Cutworms: Apply Lambda-cyhalothrin or Fenvalerate as early protection.
- Heliothis Bollworm: Use Lufenuron at egg hatch to prevent damage.
- Red Spider Mites: Spray Mitac (1 - 1.5 L/ha) or Dicofol (0.5 L/ha).
- Fungal Diseases (Anthracnose, Powdery Mildew, Bacterial Spot): Apply Chlorothalonil, Copper Oxychloride, or Wettable Sulphur.
- Blossom End Rot: Use foliar calcium fertilizers to prevent fruit damage.
⚠ Important: Always consult buyers for accepted agrochemicals to comply with GlobalGAP and Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) requirements.
4. Weed Control & Harvesting
Proper weed management ensures healthy plant growth and higher yields. Herbicides can be used for pre-emergent and post-emergent weed control.
- Growing Period: 7 months from planting to harvest.
- Yield Potential: 2 - 3 tons per hectare (up to 12 tons with optimal agronomic practices).
Paprika is hand-harvested when the pods turn bright red. Drying is a critical step in preserving color and capsaicin content, ensuring a premium product for the market.
5. Market Opportunities & Profitability
Zimbabwean farmers can tap into both local and export markets. The spice industry demands high-quality paprika, making it a profitable venture. Farmers should establish partnerships with processors and exporters to secure consistent market access.
With strategic planning, adherence to good agricultural practices, and access to the right inputs, paprika farming can be a game-changer for Zimbabwean agribusinesses.